| 書名： | 王安石《字說》之研究 |
|---|---|
| 作者： | 黃復山 |
| 提要 | 《字說》二十四卷，為宋儒王安石晚年之字學專著，書出即為新法黨人奉為圭臬，竟以作舉子應試之定本，使之專行科場，前後長達三十六載，影響可謂深遠且鉅矣。 《字說》以說解物性本始，及文字形義為主。惟王氏於說解之際，多附會五行，雜引道釋；又妄析字形結構，以明其尊君盡職之為政觀念；穿鑿過甚，故頗受學者詬詈。 然吾人亦可由該書說解中，析編王氏之經學、哲學思想，及其經世致用理念，並窺其中年以迄冕年思想之轉變。實為探究公新學及宋代科舉，最信實之材料。 惜《字說》自南宋亡佚以來，七百餘年不見是書流傳。故本文之撰作，廣蒐宋明清各朝學者之筆記、著作，以及近世學者之論述，凡言及王氏新學及《字說》佚文者，彙抄整理，分為五章，詳為考論。文凡三十萬字。 一章言宋初字學風氣，以明《字說》撰作時之環境背景。 二章考述《字說》之歷史，以編年方式，分為七節，詳論其撰作，流傳及亡佚之始末。 三章討論輯佚之依據，並說明《字說》編排之體例，以證佚文之可言。 四章為《字說》佚文之蒐輯與考釋，冀由此以重顯《字說》說解之原貌。 五章論《字說》說解之得失，以見後人評議之是非。 書末附以《字說》輯佚之白文，及王安石之手跡，或可由此一窺《字說》之斑豹，想見王氏之個性。 |
| 目錄 | 目 次
序 言
第一章 宋初之小學································································································ 1
第二章 《字說》考述···························································································· 7
第一節 作者小傳································································································ 7
第二節 《字說》之濫觴··················································································· 14
第三節 《字說》之修撰··················································································· 17
第四節 《字說》之流傳··················································································· 28
第五節 《字說》之亡佚··················································································· 42
第六節 清代與近世之研究··············································································· 44
第三章 《字說》輯佚之依據··············································································· 51
第一節 《字說》佚文之來源············································································ 51
壹、佚文來源一覽表······················································································· 52
貳、《周官新義》、《考工記解》與《周禮詳解》··········································· 62
一、《周官新義》··················································································· 62
二、《考工記解》··················································································· 64
三、《周禮詳解》··················································································· 75
參、《書經新義》與《詩經新義》·································································· 80
肆、《埤雅》、《毛詩名物解》與《爾雅新義》··············································· 81
一、《埤雅》·························································································· 81
二、《毛詩名物解》··············································································· 86
三、《爾雅新義》··················································································· 91
伍、《本草綱目》與兩種明清《毛詩》名物疏··············································· 93
一、《本草綱目》··················································································· 93
二、《六家詩名物疏》··········································································· 95
三、《詩傳名物集覽》··········································································· 95
第二節 《字說》編排之體例············································································ 96
壹、以小篆為字首·························································································· 97
貳、字詞彙解例······························································································ 98
參、分韻以部次···························································································· 101
肆、複見字···································································································· 103
第三節 《字說》釋字之條例·········································································· 104
壹、字義訓詁例···························································································· 104
貳、字音訓詁例···························································································· 105
參、分析小篆例···························································································· 106
肆、《字說》又訓例······················································································· 107
一、一字異形生異義············································································ 107
二、一字多義······················································································· 109
三、一物多名······················································································· 109
伍、右文說···································································································· 110
陸、形聲字說為會意例·················································································· 111
柒、合數文見義例························································································· 111
捌、字形位置示義例····················································································· 112
玖、附會五行例····························································································· 114
拾、特殊用字用詞例····················································································· 117
一、戾（戾左、戾右）········································································ 117
二、辨‧各‧八························································································· 118
三、事（事人、人事、兵事……）····················································· 118
四、道（人道、天道、父道……）····················································· 119
五、體、用··························································································· 120
六、取大、取小··················································································· 120
七、制·································································································· 120
八、養人之道······················································································· 120
九、隱 顯··························································································· 121
第四章 《字說》輯佚之探討·············································································· 123
《字說》佚文細目···························································································· 123
部首筆畫總檢···································································································· 126
《字說》佚文筆畫檢字表················································································· 128
第五章 《字說》之評議····················································································· 239
第一節 《字說》臆解論················································································· 239
壹、臆解字義例···························································································· 240
貳、臆說會意例···························································································· 242
參、臆改字形例···························································································· 245
肆、臆解字形例···························································································· 247
第二節 《字說》引書考················································································· 252
結 語··················································································································· 265
引用書目舉要········································································································ 269
附錄一：《字說》輯佚之白文··············································································· 279
附錄二：王安石手跡···························································································· 317 |
