| 書名： | 魏源《詩古微》研究 |
|---|---|
| 作者： | 林美蘭 |
| 提要 | 魏源（1794～1857）是晚清學術運動之啟蒙大師，一生經歷了乾、嘉、道、咸四個王朝。政治上，是清朝由極盛轉為衰頹之際；學術發展上，則是發揚今文《公羊》微言大義之「常州學派」，漸次取代「乾嘉學派」之考據學。道光中葉後，世變日熾，魏源與一群師友：林則徐、龔自珍、包世臣等人，積極為紛亂政局尋找救亡補弊之途徑，於是紛紛將《公羊》思想導入政論中，冀望能獲得世用。於此時勢與學術氛圍中，魏源不僅代賀長齡編輯《清經世文編》，又編纂《海國圖志》，發揮經世致用之精神。復撰成《書古微》及《詩古微》二書，使「常州學派」由《公羊》一家之言，拓展成今文經全面之學，居功厥偉。 今文學家講論《詩經》，常依託某一詩篇以發揮其托古改制之政治理念，《詩古微》亦然，係魏源發揚《詩經》微言大義及以《詩》諫世之理想，所論頗有創見。本論文以湖南岳麓書社出版、何慎怡點校本為主，參酌魏源其他著述，以釐清《詩古微》之重要見解。因知人論世是研究之起點，故第一章先論〈魏源之生平著述與學術淵源〉；第二章〈詩古微之寫作動機與版本卷數〉；第三章〈詩古微論齊、魯、韓、毛之異同〉；第四章〈詩古微於前人詩說之批評〉；第五章〈詩古微於詩義之闡發〉；第六章〈詩古微說詩觀點之商榷〉。 |
| 目錄 | 目 次
前 言······················································································································· 1
第一章 魏源之生平著述與其學術淵源·································································· 3
第一節 生平著述································································································ 3
一、生 平········································································································ 3
二、著 述········································································································ 8
第二節 學術淵源································································································ 9
一、常州學派之影響························································································ 9
二、其他師友之影響······················································································· 14
第二章 《詩古微》之寫作動機與初、二刻本之異同·········································· 17
第一節 寫作動機······························································································ 17
一、發揮《詩》之微言大義··········································································· 17
二、繼承西漢以《詩》諫世之傳統································································ 23
第二節 初、二刻本之異同··············································································· 27
一、初刻二卷本······························································································ 27
二、二刻二十卷本·························································································· 28
三、初刻與二刻觀點之轉變··········································································· 29
第三章 《詩古微》論齊魯韓毛之異同································································ 35
第一節 〈詩序〉與其淵源說············································································ 35
一、四家同見古序·························································································· 35
二、四家皆源於子夏孟荀··············································································· 36
三、四家皆與經傳諸子合··············································································· 37
第二節 四始與六義說······················································································· 39
一、四始說······································································································ 39
二、六義說······································································································ 43
第三節 美刺與無邪說······················································································· 47
一、美刺說······································································································ 48
二、無邪說······································································································ 50
第四節 四家釋詩舉隅······················································································· 52
一、〈召南‧行露〉··························································································· 52
二、〈王風‧黍離〉··························································································· 54
三、〈邶風‧柏舟〉··························································································· 55
四、〈陳風‧衡門〉··························································································· 56
五、〈魯頌〉之作者························································································ 57
六、〈商頌〉之時代························································································ 58
第四章 《詩古微》於前人詩說之批評································································ 63
第一節 於〈衛序〉《鄭箋》之批評·································································· 63
一、於〈衛序〉詩說之批評··········································································· 63
二、於《鄭箋》違《毛傳》之批評································································ 69
第二節 於程大昌《詩論》之批評···································································· 72
一、〈南〉〈雅〉〈頌〉為樂詩諸國為徒歌說··················································· 73
二、〈南〉為樂名說························································································ 76
三、《毛詩》有古序所以勝於三家·································································· 78
第三節 於陳啟源《毛詩稽古編》之批評························································· 78
一、詩樂分教說······························································································ 79
二、四始說······································································································ 80
三、詩之篇名說······························································································ 81
四、正雅時世說······························································································ 82
五、詩之訓釋·································································································· 84
第四節 其 他·································································································· 87
一、歐陽脩《毛詩本義》··············································································· 88
二、朱熹《詩集傳》······················································································· 88
三、何楷《詩經世本古義》··········································································· 90
四、顧炎武《日知錄》··················································································· 92
五、姜炳璋《詩序補義》··············································································· 94
六、戴震《毛鄭詩考正》··············································································· 95
七、阮元《揅經室集》··················································································· 96
第五章 《詩古微》於詩義之闡發········································································ 99
第一節 關於史地者··························································································· 99
一、歷史考證·································································································· 99
二、地理考證································································································ 103
第二節 關於禮樂者························································································· 106
一、禮 俗···································································································· 106
二、樂 章···································································································· 111
第三節 關於名物制度者·················································································· 115
一、草木之名································································································ 115
二、兵車之制································································································ 116
三、井田廬舍之制························································································· 118
第六章 《詩古微》說詩觀點之商榷·································································· 121
第一節 論詩與樂關係之缺失·········································································· 121
一、詩全入樂說···························································································· 121
二、詩教與樂教合一說················································································· 122
第二節 世次說與霸者陳詩說之缺失······························································· 123
一、世次說···································································································· 123
二、霸者陳詩說···························································································· 127
第三節 比興說與美刺說之缺失······································································ 130
一、比興說···································································································· 130
二、美刺說···································································································· 132
結 論··················································································································· 137
參考書目··············································································································· 139 |
